KANGAROO RESOURCES LIMITED ~ COAL MINING

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Umur batu bara

Pembentukan batu bara memerlukan kondisi-kondisi tertentu dan hanya terjadi pada era-era tertentu sepanjang sejarah geologi. Zaman Karbon, kira-kira 340 juta tahun yang lalu (jtl), adalah masa pembentukan batu bara yang paling produktif dimana hampir seluruh deposit batu bara (black coal) yang ekonomis di belahan bumi bagian utara terbentuk.

Pada Zaman Permian, kira-kira 270 jtl, juga terbentuk endapan-endapan batu bara yang ekonomis di belahan bumi bagian selatan, seperti Australia, dan berlangsung terus hingga ke Zaman Tersier (70 - 13 jtl) di berbagai belahan bumi lain।

Hampir seluruh pembentuk batu bara berasal dari tumbuhan. Jenis-jenis tumbuhan pembentuk batu bara dan umurnya menurut Diessel (1981) adalah sebagai berikut:

Alga, dari Zaman Pre-kambrium hingga Ordovisium dan bersel tunggal. Sangat sedikit endapan batu bara dari perioda ini.
Silofita, dari Zaman Silur hingga Devon Tengah, merupakan turunan dari alga. Sedikit endapan batu bara dari perioda ini.
Pteridofita, umur Devon Atas hingga KArbon Atas. Materi utama pembentuk batu bara berumur Karbon di Eropa dan Amerika Utara. Tetumbuhan tanpa bunga dan biji, berkembang biak dengan spora dan tumbuh di iklim hangat.
Gimnospermae, kurun waktu mulai dari Zaman Permian hingga Kapur Tengah. Tumbuhan heteroseksual, biji terbungkus dalam buah, semisal pinus, mengandung kadar getah (resin) tinggi. Jenis Pteridospermae seperti gangamopteris dan glossopteris adalah penyusun utama batu bara Permian seperti di Australia, India dan Afrika.
Angiospermae, dari Zaman Kapur Atas hingga kini। Jenis tumbuhan modern, buah yang menutupi biji, jantan dan betina dalam satu bunga, kurang bergetah dibanding gimnospermae sehingga, secara umum, kurang dapat terawetkan.

Sabtu, 17 Mei 2014

KANGAROO RESOURCES LIMITED

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http://www.kangarooresources.com/

Kangaroo Resources Limited is a coal-focused Company on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX:KRL). The Company currently has direct and indirect interests in 14 coal assets in Indonesia, as well as one further mineral asset (Mt Ruby) in Queensland, Australia. Two of the Indonesian coal assets (GPK & MCM) in Kutai Barat regency, East Kalimantan are already in an active development phase. GPK is currently awaiting final forestry permits before being able to commence construction and mining activities. MCM has already conducted trial mining and intermittent shipping of coal from an interim jetty on the Mahakam River has been ongoing since Q2 of 2012. Planning for additional exploration is underway on 3 other coal assets adjacent to MCM (BKL, MEL & MBE) to establish overall reserves before finalizing plans for more substantial regional infrastructure. Kangaroo Resources is also refining regional development plans for the exploration and development of a further 9 coal assets (Pakar) in Kutai Kartanegara regency, East Kalimantan. The 9 Pakar coal assets were acquired by the Company in 2011 under an agreement with Indonesian public listed mining company Bayan Resources. As a result of the Pakar transaction, Bayan now hold a majority 56% interest in Kangaroo Resources. With its significantly expanded asset portfolio along with its close association with a major Indonesian coal mining group, the Company has outstanding growth potential and when coupled with a focused strategy, Kangaroo Resources represents an attractive long term opportunity for Australian investors.